Power System

What is harmonics in power system? A power system harmonic is defined as a component of a periodic wave having a frequency that is an integral multiple of the fundamental power line frequency of 60 Hz. distortion in electrical current and voltage waveforms due to power system harmonics is shown in below image  Fundamental and 5th […]

Electrical Insulators are used in an overhead line to provide insulation to power conductor from ground and tower or supporting structure. Generally, insulators are connected to cross arm of supporting structure and power conductor pass through the clamp of the insulator. In this article, we are going to discuss suspension type Insulators and its advantages. Suspension type insulator […]

There are different types of lightning arresters like Rod Gap Arrester, Horn Gap Arrester, Valve type, and expulsion type and they differ from each other only in construction details. but they operate on the same principle which is to provide a low resistance path for surges to the ground. Types of lightning Arresters Rod Gap […]

Grounding wire running over the tower or substation provides good protection to the electrical system against direct lightning stroke but they fail to provide protection against traveling high voltage or current waves that reach to terminal equipment. The lightning arrester or surge arresters provide protection against such waves. Lightning Arrester The above diagram shows the […]

Critical disruptive voltage is defined as the voltage at which complete disruption of the dielectric strength of air occurs. if the voltage increases above critical disruptive voltage corona occurs.  𝛿: air density correction factor  r: radius of conductor  d: distance of conductor separation     g₀: dielectric strength= 30kv/cm However, the existing temperature and pressure at the surface […]

Corona effect (also known as Corona Discharge) is nothing but the ionization of air around the power conductor. The air around the power conductor has free electrons due to radioactivity and cosmic rays. As the potential between conductors increases potential gradient near to conductor surface increases. When the voltage is greater than the critical disruptive voltage […]

Definition: The non-uniform distribution of current through the given cross-section area of the conductor, when it operated on AC current is known as the Skin Effect. When DC current flows through the conductor it is distributed uniformly throughout the cross-section area of the conductor or skin. However, an alternating current flowing through the conductor does not […]

Electrostatic Precipitator also known as ESP is the leading and most effective technology used for removing solid dust particles from industrial flue gases. The electrostatic Precipitator consists of a large steel chamber and inside the chamber, an electrode system is installed. Gases generated due to the combustion of pulverized fuel contain solid dust particles. When […]

Types of insulators are used in an overhead transmission and distribution line to provide insulation to power conductors from the ground and tower or supporting structure. like Pin type of insulators, Suspension, and Strain type insulators. There are 5 types of insulators used in transmission lines as overhead insulation Generally, insulators are connected to cross an arm […]

When the potential difference between two conductors of a transmission line is raised beyond a certain limit, a point is reached when a violet glow appears around the conductor surface with a hissing noise and ozone gas smell this phenomenon is called Corona. Power loss due to the corona effect is called corona power loss […]