Types of DC motor shunt, series and compound motor- diagram, characteristics, Applications

In this article, we are going to discuss various types of dc motors like series dc motor, shunt motor and dc compound motor, characteristics and Applications.

Types of DC motors are given as below :

• Permanent magnet DC motor
• Shunt dc motor
• Series DC motor
• Compound dc motor

Permanent magnet DC motor:

The permanent magnet dc motor uses a permanent magnet to create field flux. Permanent magnet DC motors have excellent starting torque capability with good speed regulation. A disadvantage of permanent magnet DC motors is they are limited to the amount of load they can drive. These dc motors can be used in low horsepower applications. Another disadvantage is that torque is usually limited to 150% of rated torque to prevent demagnetization of the permanent magnets

Shunt motor and its characteristics

Diagram:

DC Shunt motor and characteristics

In DC shunt motor, the field winding is connected parallel to the armature. as shown in the above diagram. The DC shunt motor is used where speed regulation is very important.

Self-excited Field:

In this type of Dc motor field winding is connected in parallel i.e shunt with the armature winding on the same supply. Changing the field current can vary the speed of the dc motor. Torque is directly proportional to armature current of motor.

This dc motor can also behave as a generator. To reduce the high starting current of the motor drive apply the voltage in the ramp to motor. For this motor, a variable resistor called rheostat is connected in series with the field circuit to change the flux value and the speed by a small amount.

Separately excited:

In this type of Dc motor field winding is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature winding of motor with separate excitation.

Torque is proportional to armature current. In a separately excited shunt motor, speed can be varied up to a certain limit by changing armature voltage. After that using field weakening (reducing field current), it is possible to increase the speed of motor above base speed.

Application:

Used for constant speed application.

Centrifugal pumps

Fans and blower

Machine tools

Printing application

DC Series motor:

Diagram:

dc series motor and characteristics

As the name suggests in dc series motor, the field winding is connected in series with the armature winding. Naturally, the heavy current will pass through it; hence field winding of a thicker gage is used. A DC series motor is used where speed regulation is not important. dc series motor diagram and torque characteristics are shown in the above picture.

The main advantage of this dc series motor is that a high torque can be obtained, which makes it useful for applications such as diesel locomotives, cranes, etc.

The relationship between Torque and current is as follows:

Ta ∝ ɸ.Ia

It is important to start this motor in a loaded condition otherwise it could lead to damage of the motor and its surroundings.

Application:

Suitable for drives requiring high starting torque like cranes, hoists, trolleys, Electric locomotive.

Compound dc motor:

dc compound motor

If we combine both series and shunt dc motors then we will have a compound motor. This combines the good features of both types such as high torque characteristics of a dc series motor and the speed regulation of a dc shunt motor. Diagram of dc compound motor is shown in the above image.

Application :

Suitable for drives requiring high starting torque and fairly constant speed like elevators, rolling mills.

Read

• Types of Single Phase Induction Motor
• Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor